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Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to
infants: its frequency and risk factors revisited
A total of 16,714 pregnant Japanese women were tested for
antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), and 163 (0.98%) were
positive. None of these were infected with human immunodeficiency
virus-1 (HIV-1). We conducted a prospective study to discover the
rate of HCV infection in babies born to mothers who were HCV
RNA-positive but had no evidence for hepatitis (so called
"asymptomatic carriers"), and only 2 (2.3%) of 87 such babies
became infected during follow-up. This rate was considerably lower
than those from other reports which included mothers with
clinically overt chronic hepatitis C. We conducted another study to
follow babies born to mothers with chronic hepatitis C, and found
two babies infected. All of the four infected babies were born to
mothers who had HCV RNA in their circulations around delivery at
high titers (greater than 5.0 x 10(6) Eq/ml by branched DNA assay).
This confirmed the previous finding that virus load was an
important risk factor. In addition, we found three families where
mother-to-infant HCV transmission was suspected in a retrospective
study by indexing HCV-infected pediatric patients. Throughout the
seven families, siblings of infected babies were free from HCV
infection, suggesting that maternal infection of HCV owes much to
chance. Breast milk feeding was not regarded as a risk factor. We
also assessed the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among 6-year old
children, and only 10 of 10,446 (0.1%) were positive, suggesting
low frequency of HCV infection during the period from birth to this
age.
Author: Moriya T, Sasaki F, Mizui M, Ohno N, Mohri H, Mishiro
S, Yoshizawa H, Department of Hygiene, Hiroshima University School
of Medicine, Japan.
Source: Biomed Pharmacother 49: 59-64 (1995)
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